Guillaume Gernez
Université Paris 1 - Panthéon-Sorbonne, Archaeology, Faculty Member
- Archaeology, Lebanon, Syria, Israel and Palestine (History and Archaeology), Ancient Near East, Archaeology of Oman, Archaeology of Oman peninsula, Journal of Oman Studies, and 24 moreSyria (Archaeology), Mesopotamian Archaeology, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Material Culture Studies, Funerary Archaeology, Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Middle Bronze Age, Bronze Age Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Metallurgy, Near Eastern Archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Survey Methodology, Levantine Archaeology, Typology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Survey (Archaeological Method & Theory), Metalwork (Archaeology), Ancient jewellery, Prehistoric weapons, Tell Arqa, Canaanite Fenestrated Axe, Wadi Suq Period, Archaeology of death and burial, and Subartu Journaledit
- - Research : Ancient Near Eastern Archaeology, typochronology, material culture, weaponry, Bronze age, Levant (Lebano... more- Research : Ancient Near Eastern Archaeology, typochronology, material culture, weaponry, Bronze age, Levant (Lebanon, Syria), metal, Eastern Arabia, Iron Age
- Director of the French Archaeological Mission in Central Oman
- Other fields (as member) : Tell Arqa (Lebanon), Oronte - Tell al-Nasriyah (Syria), al-Rawda (Syria).
- Previous position : researcher at IFPO (Beyrouth)edit
On April 1st, 2012, in desert sand, three tourists announced to the authorities their finding the remains of an ancient battlefield. In reality they discovered the remains of an ancient metal melting site ‒ an ancient crime scene. Most of... more
On April 1st, 2012, in desert sand, three tourists announced to the authorities their finding the remains of an ancient battlefield. In reality they discovered the remains of an ancient metal melting site ‒ an ancient crime scene. Most of the artefacts consisted of weapons fashioned from copper-alloy, especially daggers, evidently many grave-goods. Everything about this find was unusual. How and when did it get there, just inside the Empty Quarter. Why should it be here, distant for markets and roads? The editors combined an international team which consisted of the original archaeologists at the site and experts on metal-finds.
The text begins with an introduction from Sultan al-Bakri in which he explains the discovery from the point of view of the Ministry of Heritage and Culture, which sponsored the field-work. Clearly the true site toponym is ʿUqdat al-Bakrah, although the first archaeologists on the site incorrectly called it as-Saffah, al-Ṣafāʾ and other names, after an oil prospection camp 40 km away.
In the first chapter Gösta Hoffmann explains the geology of the area, in order to get an idea of the pre-requisites for placing the site here. Important is water and fuel availability.
Roman Garba tells the story of the discovery from first-hand experience. He also worked in the communications branch in the area prior to the find.
Francesco Genchi and Claudio Giardino present the documentation of the excavations and find recovery made a few weeks after the finds were first sited. These finds establish the site dating and character.
Paul Yule updates the chronology for south-east Arabian metal-finds for the age from 3000 to 300 BCE. A main hurdle is to identify heirloom pieces and update the find chronology.
Claudio Giardino and Giovanni Paternoster examine the metallic finds by means of energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and therewith characterise the chemical composition and technology available to the ancient metallurgists.
Their results correlate nicely with the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy of Julie Goy with which she analysed 65 artefacts.
Guillaume Gernez synthesises the results of the different studies based on his expertise in metallic weaponry. His independent opinion is designed as a final representation of the find and its cultural importance.
It was deemed essential to make an exhaustive catalogue study of the entire find inventory with the intention that it would not be necessary to document any of the finds again. At the end concordances order the finds first by catalogue and then by find number. Except for 1:1 scale photographs of arrow-heads, the finds are drawn 1:3 in scale.
The text begins with an introduction from Sultan al-Bakri in which he explains the discovery from the point of view of the Ministry of Heritage and Culture, which sponsored the field-work. Clearly the true site toponym is ʿUqdat al-Bakrah, although the first archaeologists on the site incorrectly called it as-Saffah, al-Ṣafāʾ and other names, after an oil prospection camp 40 km away.
In the first chapter Gösta Hoffmann explains the geology of the area, in order to get an idea of the pre-requisites for placing the site here. Important is water and fuel availability.
Roman Garba tells the story of the discovery from first-hand experience. He also worked in the communications branch in the area prior to the find.
Francesco Genchi and Claudio Giardino present the documentation of the excavations and find recovery made a few weeks after the finds were first sited. These finds establish the site dating and character.
Paul Yule updates the chronology for south-east Arabian metal-finds for the age from 3000 to 300 BCE. A main hurdle is to identify heirloom pieces and update the find chronology.
Claudio Giardino and Giovanni Paternoster examine the metallic finds by means of energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and therewith characterise the chemical composition and technology available to the ancient metallurgists.
Their results correlate nicely with the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy of Julie Goy with which she analysed 65 artefacts.
Guillaume Gernez synthesises the results of the different studies based on his expertise in metallic weaponry. His independent opinion is designed as a final representation of the find and its cultural importance.
It was deemed essential to make an exhaustive catalogue study of the entire find inventory with the intention that it would not be necessary to document any of the finds again. At the end concordances order the finds first by catalogue and then by find number. Except for 1:1 scale photographs of arrow-heads, the finds are drawn 1:3 in scale.
Research Interests:
Located at the margins of the great Rub al-Khali desert, place of interactions between settled and nomadic populations, the Adam oasis occupies a pivotal role in the history of the Sultanate of Oman. However, almost nothing was known... more
Located at the margins of the great Rub al-Khali desert, place of interactions between settled and nomadic populations, the Adam oasis occupies a pivotal role in the history of the Sultanate of Oman. However, almost nothing was known about its foundations and early developments. With the support of the Ministry of Heritage and Culture, in 2006 the authors of this volume established a team of researchers devoted to the thorough exploration of this area. After ten years of field research using innovative methods and technologies, much is revealed about the importance of Adam in the prehistory and early history of Oman. This first monograph about explorations carried out at Adam includes seven chapters written by specialists directly involved in the research. each major period highlighted is described in detail, including evidences of Palaeolithic occupation, Neolithic settlements, Early and Middle Bronze Age necropolises, Iron Age ritual sites and also an ethnographic study of the traditional water sharing within the oasis.
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Ces armes, découvertes dans les tombes, les dépôts votifs des temples, les ateliers, les maisons ou les palais, ne sont pas de simples artéfacts destinés à être inventoriés technologiquement ou typologiquement. Elles sont les vestiges de... more
Ces armes, découvertes dans les tombes, les dépôts votifs des temples, les ateliers, les maisons ou les palais, ne sont pas de simples artéfacts destinés à être inventoriés technologiquement ou typologiquement. Elles sont les vestiges de modes et de traditions, d'innovations et de conservatismes, de conditions économiques et de choix artisanaux.
Dans ce présent ouvrage, le parti pris archéologique, matériel, culturel est exposé avec un souci de précision, d'analyse et de synthèse, sur le long terme et par grande aire chrono-culturelle. Nées de l'union des progrès techniques et des conditions sociopolitiques propres à une région qui a vu naître la sédentarité, l'urbanisation, la hiérarchisation, la civilisation et la guerre, les armes invitent le lecteur à un parcours original au Proche-Orient ancien.
Dans ce présent ouvrage, le parti pris archéologique, matériel, culturel est exposé avec un souci de précision, d'analyse et de synthèse, sur le long terme et par grande aire chrono-culturelle. Nées de l'union des progrès techniques et des conditions sociopolitiques propres à une région qui a vu naître la sédentarité, l'urbanisation, la hiérarchisation, la civilisation et la guerre, les armes invitent le lecteur à un parcours original au Proche-Orient ancien.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Anthropology, Material Culture Studies, Levantine Archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology, and 9 moreMesopotamian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern Art, Protohistory, Ancient Near Eastern History, Oriental Studies, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, and Ancient Weapons
Research Interests: Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, Funerary Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, and 6 moreBronze Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Funerary Practices, Lebanon, Syria, Israel and Palestine (History and Archaeology), Archaeology of the Levant, and Middle Bronze Age Lebanon
"Tout au long de son parcours d’archéologue, d’abord en tant que chercheur et directeur de recherches au CNRS puis en tant que professeur à l’Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Serge Cleuziou a été motivé par une triple ambition :... more
"Tout au long de son parcours d’archéologue, d’abord en tant que chercheur et directeur de recherches au CNRS puis en tant que professeur à l’Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Serge Cleuziou a été motivé par une triple ambition : l’innovation méthodologique, la diversité thématique et la volonté de sortir des sentiers battus.
Ce volume lui est dédié, suivant des objectifs similaires, par celles et ceux qui ont partagé avec lui des sujets d’étude et des débats scientifiques, et ont comme lui participé au renouveau de l’archéologie à partir des années 1970. La recherche actuelle s’y prête fortement : l’évolution des théories et des méthodes et le recul épistémologique aujourd’hui possible, la mise en place de réflexions interdisciplinaires, la généralisation de l’intégration de l’Homme dans son environnement et les essais de modélisation à diverses échelles sont autant d’exemples qui méritent d’être réunis, et confrontés, dans un ouvrage de référence. S’y ajoutent les nouvelles données et les recherches récentes provenant de terrains longtemps considérés comme périphériques ou marginaux, en particulier la péninsule Arabique à l’époque protohistorique. Les sociétés et cultures qui se sont succédé et ont cohabité dans cette vaste région ont souvent joué un rôle non négligeable dans l’histoire orientale, en particulier – mais pas seulement – du point de vue des échanges. De plus, les caractéristiques de leur évolution témoignent d’une originalité qu’il convient de mettre en lumière avec les méthodes analytiques les plus avancées.
Quarante-cinq chercheurs ont participé à la rédaction des trente-cinq articles qui composent l’ouvrage organisé suivant trois axes principaux : la première partie épistémologique et méthodologique insiste sur l’interdisciplinarité et les dynamiques actuelles de l’archéologie dans l’optique du partage des savoirs. La seconde partie est consacrée aux diversités de l’Orient ancien avec son centre et ses marges occidentales, orientales et méridionales, et la troisième partie porte sur l’archéologie de la péninsule Omanaise.
Auteurs : Jean-Paul Demoule, Joëlle Burnouf, Sander van der Leeuw, Anick Coudart, Guillaume Gernez, Pierre Lemonnier, Pierre Gouletquer, William et Fidelity Lancaster, Alain Schnapp, Jessica Giraud, Jean-Louis Huot, Michèle Casanova, Jean-Paul Thalmann, Juris Zarins, Rémy Crassard et Jérémie Schiettecatte, Julien Charbonnier, Christopher P. Thornton et Claudio Giardino, Piotre Steinkeller, Gregory L. Possehl, Gwendoline Plisson, Serge Cleuziou et Maurizio Tosi, Jean-Jacques Glassner, Anne-Marie Lézine et Serge Cleuziou, Barbara Cerasetti et SIlvia Marigonda, Eugenio Bortolini, Daniel T. Potts, Sabrina Righetti, Michel Mouton, Anne Benoist et Joaquin M. Cordoba, Fabio Cavulli et Simona Scaruffi, Valentina Azzara, Lapo Gianni Marcucci, Olivia Munoz, Royal Omar Ghazal et Hervé Guy, Marie-Astrid Martin, Alexandre De Rorre, Olivier Blin"
Ce volume lui est dédié, suivant des objectifs similaires, par celles et ceux qui ont partagé avec lui des sujets d’étude et des débats scientifiques, et ont comme lui participé au renouveau de l’archéologie à partir des années 1970. La recherche actuelle s’y prête fortement : l’évolution des théories et des méthodes et le recul épistémologique aujourd’hui possible, la mise en place de réflexions interdisciplinaires, la généralisation de l’intégration de l’Homme dans son environnement et les essais de modélisation à diverses échelles sont autant d’exemples qui méritent d’être réunis, et confrontés, dans un ouvrage de référence. S’y ajoutent les nouvelles données et les recherches récentes provenant de terrains longtemps considérés comme périphériques ou marginaux, en particulier la péninsule Arabique à l’époque protohistorique. Les sociétés et cultures qui se sont succédé et ont cohabité dans cette vaste région ont souvent joué un rôle non négligeable dans l’histoire orientale, en particulier – mais pas seulement – du point de vue des échanges. De plus, les caractéristiques de leur évolution témoignent d’une originalité qu’il convient de mettre en lumière avec les méthodes analytiques les plus avancées.
Quarante-cinq chercheurs ont participé à la rédaction des trente-cinq articles qui composent l’ouvrage organisé suivant trois axes principaux : la première partie épistémologique et méthodologique insiste sur l’interdisciplinarité et les dynamiques actuelles de l’archéologie dans l’optique du partage des savoirs. La seconde partie est consacrée aux diversités de l’Orient ancien avec son centre et ses marges occidentales, orientales et méridionales, et la troisième partie porte sur l’archéologie de la péninsule Omanaise.
Auteurs : Jean-Paul Demoule, Joëlle Burnouf, Sander van der Leeuw, Anick Coudart, Guillaume Gernez, Pierre Lemonnier, Pierre Gouletquer, William et Fidelity Lancaster, Alain Schnapp, Jessica Giraud, Jean-Louis Huot, Michèle Casanova, Jean-Paul Thalmann, Juris Zarins, Rémy Crassard et Jérémie Schiettecatte, Julien Charbonnier, Christopher P. Thornton et Claudio Giardino, Piotre Steinkeller, Gregory L. Possehl, Gwendoline Plisson, Serge Cleuziou et Maurizio Tosi, Jean-Jacques Glassner, Anne-Marie Lézine et Serge Cleuziou, Barbara Cerasetti et SIlvia Marigonda, Eugenio Bortolini, Daniel T. Potts, Sabrina Righetti, Michel Mouton, Anne Benoist et Joaquin M. Cordoba, Fabio Cavulli et Simona Scaruffi, Valentina Azzara, Lapo Gianni Marcucci, Olivia Munoz, Royal Omar Ghazal et Hervé Guy, Marie-Astrid Martin, Alexandre De Rorre, Olivier Blin"
Research Interests: Archaeology, Epistemology, Material Culture Studies, Landscape Archaeology, Adaptation to Climate Change, and 12 moreSettlement Patterns, Identity (Culture), Architectural History, Archaeological GIS, South Asian Archaeology, Archaeology of Oman, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Indus Valley Civilization, Ancient Metallurgy, Arabian/Persian Gulf Archaeology, Hafit, and Archaeogeography
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In January 2017, the excavations of the French Archaeological Mission in Central Oman (FAMCO) at the Iron Age site of Mudmār East (Midmār), near Ādam (al-Dākhiliyyah governorate), extended to the slope of the hill overlooking Buildings 1... more
In January 2017, the excavations of the French Archaeological Mission in Central Oman (FAMCO) at the Iron Age site of Mudmār East (Midmār), near Ādam (al-Dākhiliyyah governorate), extended to the slope of the hill overlooking Buildings 1 and 2. The buildings have already revealed substantial architectural remains and a quantity of valuable copper objects that qualified the location as a relevant Iron Age II site, probably linked with cultic activities. The excavation on the slope of the hill led to the discovery of new features, including a large terrace wall and three post holes. Moreover, a remarkable quantity of potsherds and metallic artefacts provides new evidence to suggest that the whole hill could be part of the cultic site. The abundant pottery assemblage is discussed, highlighting a set of uncommon shapes that might reveal a regional cultural specificity in central Oman, on the margin of the Iron Age culture of eastern Arabia. Among the metallic objects, some of the arrowhead and dagger types are known in the region, while other weapons appear to be unique and may only have a votive function. Additionally, numerous snake representations (copper figurines and ceramic decorations) suggest a strong connection with a cult that flourished during the Iron Age in south-east Arabia.
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A complete synthesis of 3rd millennium BCE metal weapons in the whole Near East, presenting their typology, typochronology and diffusion.
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Since 2012, the French Mission in Oman has discovered several Palaeolithic sites in the south-eastern foothills of the Sufrat Dishshah (a hill of the Sufrat Valley), in the Adam region of north-central Oman. These sites are attributed to... more
Since 2012, the French Mission in Oman has discovered several Palaeolithic sites in the south-eastern foothills of the Sufrat Dishshah (a hill of the Sufrat Valley), in the Adam region of north-central Oman.
These sites are attributed to the Lower through to the Late Palaeolithic (Bonilauri et al. 2015). The 2016 field season was dedicated to further investigation of the previously identified sites of the Sufrat Dishshah area. A number of additional artefacts were located and studied on site; four artefacts—two bifaces and two Nubian cores—were retained for further study. These finds have particular importance for the understanding of Middle Palaeolithic variability and cultural diffusion in Oman, and they represent one of the most significant results of the 2016 Adam expedition.
These sites are attributed to the Lower through to the Late Palaeolithic (Bonilauri et al. 2015). The 2016 field season was dedicated to further investigation of the previously identified sites of the Sufrat Dishshah area. A number of additional artefacts were located and studied on site; four artefacts—two bifaces and two Nubian cores—were retained for further study. These finds have particular importance for the understanding of Middle Palaeolithic variability and cultural diffusion in Oman, and they represent one of the most significant results of the 2016 Adam expedition.
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In this paper we present the results of surveys carried out in February 2016 along a palaeo-drainage system near the village of Bisyah. We report first on the geological prospection, which was our main goal, and then present our discovery... more
In this paper we present the results of surveys carried out in February 2016 along a palaeo-drainage system near the village of Bisyah. We report first on the geological prospection, which was our main goal, and then present our discovery of the only known localities in north Oman of large Kombewa flake production (>10 cm up to 20 cm). Among the scatter of artefacts, we found cores and large Kombewa flakes with two opposed bulbs of percussion, a technology that had not been known in this region until now. In spite of the local features, the typo-technological traits of the artefacts suggest that at least part of them resemble in some way the Acheulean techno-complex, but there are still many questions remaining on the age of these artefacts.
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A partir de la documentation archéologique connue, l'invention, les évolutions et les processus de diffusion des pointes de lances tripartites, caractéristiques de l'Orient ancien, sont abordées de façon à évaluer leur parcours durant... more
A partir de la documentation archéologique connue, l'invention, les évolutions et les processus de diffusion des pointes de lances tripartites, caractéristiques de l'Orient ancien, sont abordées de façon à évaluer leur parcours durant plus de deux millénaires.
Les facteurs de la naissance, la transmission interrégionale, le remplacement ou la subsistance d'un objet commun sont ainsi mis en évidence.
Les facteurs de la naissance, la transmission interrégionale, le remplacement ou la subsistance d'un objet commun sont ainsi mis en évidence.
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The two latest campaigns of excavations at Adam (Oman) have yielded new data on the funerary architecture and practices in central Oman, and their evolution during protohistoric times. The investigations focused on two graveyards that... more
The two latest campaigns of excavations at Adam (Oman) have yielded new data on the funerary architecture and practices in central Oman, and their evolution during protohistoric times. The investigations focused on two graveyards that have been in use during a long period that includes the Early Bronze Age (Umm an-Nar period), the Middle Bronze Age (Wadi Suq period), and the Iron Age. A large variety of types are now attested, including the first Umm an-Nar tomb excavated in the area of Adam and forty Wadi Suq graves. In addition to the presentation of the main types of graves, we will try to reconstruct the history of both graveyards.
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Le texte passe en revue les données disponibles sur les tombes découvertes au Liban, datées du Bronze Moyen (2000-1550 av. J.-C.) contenant des armes et s'interroge sur les interprétations culturelles et sociales de cette pratique... more
Le texte passe en revue les données disponibles sur les tombes découvertes au Liban, datées du Bronze Moyen (2000-1550 av. J.-C.) contenant des armes et s'interroge sur les interprétations culturelles et sociales de cette pratique particulière de la déposition d'assemblages d'armes (poignard, hache, et/ou une à deux lances) dans les tombes individuelles et collectives.
Research Interests: Funerary Archaeology, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Ancient Near East, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Archaeology of burials, and 6 moreLebanon, Syria, Israel and Palestine (History and Archaeology), Spearheads, Burial Customs, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Archéologie funéraire, and Warrior burials
Weapons made of precious metal constitute only a small part of the corpus of metal weapons, but offer a unique perspective on ancient production. They derive from the conjunction of two craft traditions: bronze weaponry for their design... more
Weapons made of precious metal constitute only a small part of the corpus of metal weapons, but offer a unique perspective on ancient production. They derive from the conjunction of two craft traditions:
bronze weaponry for their design and gold- and silversmith work for part or all of their technical production. Archaeological contexts of the 73 known gold, silver and iron weapons (from 3500 to 1750 bc) confirm their exceptional status. Such is the case for two of the largest assemblages known: the Royal Cemetery of Ur and the Temple of the Obelisks at Byblos.
The history of precious metal weapons, which begins in the 4th millennium BC, remains poorly understood, and it is still difficult, in our current state of knowledge and according to archaeological data alone, to adequately address the issue of trade.
bronze weaponry for their design and gold- and silversmith work for part or all of their technical production. Archaeological contexts of the 73 known gold, silver and iron weapons (from 3500 to 1750 bc) confirm their exceptional status. Such is the case for two of the largest assemblages known: the Royal Cemetery of Ur and the Temple of the Obelisks at Byblos.
The history of precious metal weapons, which begins in the 4th millennium BC, remains poorly understood, and it is still difficult, in our current state of knowledge and according to archaeological data alone, to adequately address the issue of trade.
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The two latest campaigns of excavations at Adam South (Oman) have yielded new data on the funerary architecture and practices in central Oman, and their evolution during protohistoric times. The investigations focused on seven Bronze Age... more
The two latest campaigns of excavations at Adam South (Oman) have yielded new data on the funerary architecture and practices in central Oman, and their evolution during protohistoric times. The investigations focused on seven Bronze Age graves, some of them being reused until the end of the Iron Age. A large variety of types are now attested, including those already known in the necropolis of Adam North. In addition to the presentation of the graves, we will tey to reconstruct the history of the site.
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A short report on the Iron Age domestic and monumental architecture at Tell al-Nasriyah, Syria.
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Individuals are one of the less visible elements in archaeology. Several methods have been used in order to discover their material evidence, and theory has also been helpful to integrate the concept of individual actions and personhood... more
Individuals are one of the less visible elements in archaeology. Several methods have been used in order to discover their material evidence, and theory has also been helpful to integrate the concept of individual actions and personhood in a complex system. One of the more important aims is also to understand, through a series of evidences (i. e. iconography), when and in which context the concept of individual appeared in ancient societies.
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Jabal al-'Aluya is a Neolithic site located at the foot of Jabal Salekh near Ādam, Sultanate of Oman. The evidence of dispersed occupation across the 65 ha of the site comprises 139 structures and lithic concentrations, including... more
Jabal al-'Aluya is a Neolithic site located at the foot of Jabal Salekh near Ādam, Sultanate of Oman. The evidence of dispersed
occupation across the 65 ha of the site comprises 139 structures and lithic concentrations, including numerous Neolithic bifacial
chert tools. Excavation of a U-shaped stone-hut dwelling in one of the three main zones of occupation at the site recorded post
holes, a fireplace, and a pit with what is believed to be a grinding tool. The site is close to water and raw material sources, and
geomorphological studies show that it is well preserved despite deflation. The location of the settlement in the inland region of
Oman makes it all the more interesting and significant for our understanding of the Neolithic period in south-eastern Arabia, as
almost all Neolithic sites excavated to date are located near the coastline.
occupation across the 65 ha of the site comprises 139 structures and lithic concentrations, including numerous Neolithic bifacial
chert tools. Excavation of a U-shaped stone-hut dwelling in one of the three main zones of occupation at the site recorded post
holes, a fireplace, and a pit with what is believed to be a grinding tool. The site is close to water and raw material sources, and
geomorphological studies show that it is well preserved despite deflation. The location of the settlement in the inland region of
Oman makes it all the more interesting and significant for our understanding of the Neolithic period in south-eastern Arabia, as
almost all Neolithic sites excavated to date are located near the coastline.
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Tell Sougha, located in the northern Beqa’a valley, yielded a small collection of bronze objects which were discovered by chance. These weapons, tools and ornaments are now preserved in the USEK Archaeological Museum, and form an... more
Tell Sougha, located in the northern Beqa’a valley, yielded a small collection of bronze objects which
were discovered by chance. These weapons, tools and ornaments are now preserved in the USEK Archaeological
Museum, and form an homogeneous corpus dated to the very beginning of the Middle Bronze Age, c. 2100-1900 BC.
This assemblage should come from a cemetery which would be the first discovered in Lebanon for this bad known
period.
were discovered by chance. These weapons, tools and ornaments are now preserved in the USEK Archaeological
Museum, and form an homogeneous corpus dated to the very beginning of the Middle Bronze Age, c. 2100-1900 BC.
This assemblage should come from a cemetery which would be the first discovered in Lebanon for this bad known
period.
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Les prospections menées dans la région d’Âdam (Sultanat d’Oman) lors des quatre premières campagnes (2007 à 2010) ont permis une évaluation de la densité et de la variété des vestiges archéologiques de cette zone située sur les marges du... more
Les prospections menées dans la région d’Âdam (Sultanat d’Oman) lors des quatre premières campagnes (2007 à 2010) ont permis une évaluation de la densité et de la variété des vestiges archéologiques de cette zone située sur les marges du désert du Rub‘ al-Khâlî. Son peuplement remonte au Néolithique et les établissements se succèdent – avec une intensité variée – de la fin de la Préhistoire jusqu’aux époques historiques. Les principaux sites prospectés et/ou sondés sont présentés période par période ; les premières découvertes de terrain et les études préliminaires apportent une lumière nouvelle sur cette région jusqu’alors inexplorée.
The surveys that took place in the region of Âdam (Sultanate of Oman) during the four first campaigns (2007 to 2010) allowed us to evaluate the density and the variety of archaeological remains that are found in this area (situated on the margins of the Rub‘ al-Khâlî desert). Its population can be traced back to Neolithic and from then on, settlements follow each other - with varied intensity - between the end of Prehistory and historical periods. The main sites that were prospected and/or drilled are presented by period. The first discoveries made on the ground and the preliminary studies we have made bring a new light upon this unknown region.
The surveys that took place in the region of Âdam (Sultanate of Oman) during the four first campaigns (2007 to 2010) allowed us to evaluate the density and the variety of archaeological remains that are found in this area (situated on the margins of the Rub‘ al-Khâlî desert). Its population can be traced back to Neolithic and from then on, settlements follow each other - with varied intensity - between the end of Prehistory and historical periods. The main sites that were prospected and/or drilled are presented by period. The first discoveries made on the ground and the preliminary studies we have made bring a new light upon this unknown region.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
After the discovery in 2006 of an engraved stone near Ādam, dated by Serge Cleuziou to the third millennium BC, the Ministry of Heritage and Culture in the Sultanate of Oman allowed and assisted the team to set up an archaeological study... more
After the discovery in 2006 of an engraved stone near Ādam, dated by Serge Cleuziou to the third millennium BC, the Ministry of Heritage and Culture in the Sultanate of Oman allowed and assisted the team to set up an archaeological study of the region of Ādam, which is the last oasis north of the Umm al-Samīm and RubΚ al-Khālī deserts. For centuries, this area has been the final shelter before travellers crossed the desert, thus it is both the last oasis and the last crossroad on the desert routes. During the first three campaigns from 2007 to 2009, survey of the area by the French team has exposed the rich archaeological potential of the area, with 1155 structures already found. These sites can be dated from the Early Bronze Age to the Islamic period. Discoveries include a large Hafit necropolis at Jabal al-QarāΜ, Bronze Age graves and possible settlements in the north of Jabal MouΡmār (MaΡmār), an Iron Age graveyard at Jabal ДamrāΜ Kahf, and two buildings of Iron Age in the east of Jabal MouΡmār.
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Research Interests:
Excavation campaigns of the Twenties and Thirties at Byblos gave us one of the most important collection of metal weapons of the near east. Most of them come from hoards (deposits) found in buildings regarded as temples. Others have been... more
Excavation campaigns of the Twenties and Thirties at Byblos gave us one of the most important collection of metal weapons of the near east. Most of them come from hoards (deposits) found in buildings regarded as temples. Others have been found in several tombs, be they royal or common. The main contexts can be dated from the Middle Bronze Age I (2000-1750 BC). Even though the original publication is precise, some questions remain at various levels, including typological, technological and chronological. After having had direct access to the whole collection of those bronze, silver and gold weapons thanks to the National Museum of Beirut, it is now possible to bring to light new data and to appreciate these weapons in an original way, looking closely some technical and functionnal aspects. However, this short paper is only a presentation, and most of the research remains to be made.
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The transition from the Early to Middle Bronze Age is underlined by an important evolution in weaponry. A number of comparable graves containing a very specific selection of arms (daggers, socketted spearheads and fenestrated axe) are... more
The transition from the Early to Middle Bronze Age is underlined by an important evolution in
weaponry. A number of comparable graves containing a very specific selection of arms (daggers,
socketted spearheads and fenestrated axe) are spread over a vast and particular geographical area: the
Levantine coast, the middle Euphrates, the Diyala as far as the Hormuz straight (with the exception of
the axes for this region). We put forward the hypothesis that semi-nomadic populations would have
contributed to the spread of this weaponry. This corpus illustrates the beginnings of political control
by bedouin societies enriched by a new know-how. There was then a social, rather than an actual,
movement of these populations.
weaponry. A number of comparable graves containing a very specific selection of arms (daggers,
socketted spearheads and fenestrated axe) are spread over a vast and particular geographical area: the
Levantine coast, the middle Euphrates, the Diyala as far as the Hormuz straight (with the exception of
the axes for this region). We put forward the hypothesis that semi-nomadic populations would have
contributed to the spread of this weaponry. This corpus illustrates the beginnings of political control
by bedouin societies enriched by a new know-how. There was then a social, rather than an actual,
movement of these populations.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The diversity of forms and types of metal weapons found in the Near and Middle East makes it possible to study the phenomena of transfer, imitation or refusal of adoption in a very relevant way. Indeed, weapons do not only have a simple... more
The diversity of forms and types of metal weapons
found in the Near and Middle East makes it possible to
study the phenomena of transfer, imitation or refusal
of adoption in a very relevant way. Indeed, weapons
do not only have a simple functional aspect: they also
involve, for example, the values of power, virility and
prestige. They epitomize the material characterization
of ideological, technical and artistic concepts. It
is therefore hardly surprising to note a clear diff erentiation
in the diff usion – or absence of diff usion – of
weapons during the third and the second millennium
BC. On the basis of three examples (curved-swords,
fenestrated axes and socketed spearheads), it is possible
to consider several issues that go beyond the material
framework.
found in the Near and Middle East makes it possible to
study the phenomena of transfer, imitation or refusal
of adoption in a very relevant way. Indeed, weapons
do not only have a simple functional aspect: they also
involve, for example, the values of power, virility and
prestige. They epitomize the material characterization
of ideological, technical and artistic concepts. It
is therefore hardly surprising to note a clear diff erentiation
in the diff usion – or absence of diff usion – of
weapons during the third and the second millennium
BC. On the basis of three examples (curved-swords,
fenestrated axes and socketed spearheads), it is possible
to consider several issues that go beyond the material
framework.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
In January 2017 the excavations of the French Archaeological Mission in Central Oman on the Iron Age site of Mudhmar East, near Adam (ad-Dakhiliyah governorate), extended to the slope of the jabal overhanging the Buildings 1 and 2. The... more
In January 2017 the excavations of the French Archaeological Mission in Central Oman on the Iron Age site of Mudhmar East, near Adam (ad-Dakhiliyah governorate), extended to the slope of the jabal overhanging the Buildings 1 and 2. The buildings already revealed substantial architectural features and a quantity of unusual copper objects that qualified the site as a relevant Iron Age II site probably linked with cultual activities, as witnessed by the quantity of metal weapons and replicas, snake figurines and peculiar pottery types.
Stratigraphic excavation of the slope led to the discovery of new elements, including a large wall with a probable containment/terrace function and three postholes. Moreover, a remarkable quantity of potsherds and metal objects gives new evidences to suggest that the whole hill could be part of the cultic site.
The abundant pottery assemblage will be presented and discussed, highlighting among the most common types a set of more rarely attested shapes that could be more specifically connected to non-residential nor productive sites.
Among the metallic objects, some arrowhead and dagger types are known in the region, while some other weapons seem unique and only dedicated to a votive function. An important series of snakes representations (copper figurines and ceramic decorations) strongly link the site to a well-known cult that flourished during the Iron Age in South East Arabia.
Stratigraphic excavation of the slope led to the discovery of new elements, including a large wall with a probable containment/terrace function and three postholes. Moreover, a remarkable quantity of potsherds and metal objects gives new evidences to suggest that the whole hill could be part of the cultic site.
The abundant pottery assemblage will be presented and discussed, highlighting among the most common types a set of more rarely attested shapes that could be more specifically connected to non-residential nor productive sites.
Among the metallic objects, some arrowhead and dagger types are known in the region, while some other weapons seem unique and only dedicated to a votive function. An important series of snakes representations (copper figurines and ceramic decorations) strongly link the site to a well-known cult that flourished during the Iron Age in South East Arabia.